Risk Factors for Neural Tube Defects

Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida are often a source of worry to parents of affected children.
While its aetiology is not particularly certain, it is generally known that folate deficiency in a woman puts her at a great risk of having a child with a neural tube defect.

In recognition of the role of folic acid (folate) deficiency in the causation of spina bifida and other neural tube defects, there are concerted efforts world-wide to reduce the incidence of the conditions through the regular use of folic acid by all women of child-bearing age.

The following are the recognized risk factors for the development of neural tube defects:
i. Folic acid deficiency
ii. Maternal heat exposure in the form of hot-tubs, saunas or fever.
iii. Use of Valproic acid during pregnancy
iv. Obesity (before and during pregnancy)
v. Maternal cocaine abuse (may increase the risk microcephaly, a cranial form of NTD)